How to and Tips for Saving/Storing Seeds?

[Gary350]

I keep seeds that take up a lot of space in mason jars. I slide a 4x5 note card down inside the jar with information about the seeds in that jar. Large black letters at the top of the card says, the name of the seed like, SILVER QUEEN CORN. Small print for other information.

I have heard seeds need air or they will die, I'm not sure that is true. So I poke some holes in a used canning jar lid so the seeds can get air.

Make 100% sure seeds and jars is dry other wise the seeds will mold.

When I harvest corn I leave 2 or 3 plants standing until fall to make sure I have a few ears of mature corn seeds to plant next spring. I want about 400 corn seeds. Coated seeds have a fungicide on them to keep them from molding when planted in cool weather so you have to be careful not to plant uncoated seeds until the soil temperature is above 65 degrees F.

Small seeds like tomato seeds, pepper seeds, melons, etc. I keep in white mailing envelopes with the name and information about the seeds. I get seeds from the plants that I grow I just have to leave 1 pepper until it turns red to made sure the seeds are mature. I get some of my seeds from the vegatables I buy in the grocery store like melons, red potatoes, sweet potatoes.

Seeds for early spring cool weather crops should all be kept in the same box so you can pull the box off the shelf and all the seeds in that box are all things that can be planted in the early spring. Do the same thing with summer crop seeds and fall crop seeds.

Notes are very useful to me since my memory went down the toilet several years ago. I keep notes like, planted seeds first week of August had a hard time getting to grow only 1 small rain the second week of August I had to water every day still only 30% of the seeds sprouted next year try sprouting seeds inside in pots. I keep notes, when to plant if I am sprouting seeds inside in pots. What worked in the past and what do not.

[Ozark Lady]

I let home collected seed dry, really dry. Large seeds should not bend and small seeds should be shatter dry. If you hit them with a hammer etc.
I then put them in ziplock bags, with the variety, and date.
I also take store bought seeds or traded seeds, and identify them, date, and where I got them on the baggy.
I then place them by groupings in glass jars with good lids, and place them in my freezer compartment. I keep them frozen at all times, except while sorting or planting. I even sow them frozen!

My frig is a frost free, so I have to seal the baggies in glass or metal cans to protect them.

But, I definitely keep them frozen, and I don't regard tropical or other, I freeze all seeds! Works for me!

[tomc]

Tree seeds

Most northern temperate zone tree seeds do best with the breifest drying time as can be managed before planting. I count this in hours and days.

Tree seed does best if kept in a barely moist meduim in your fridge, while pending exchange.

As soon as you get tree seeds plant them into a pot and begin cold stratification as soon as possible.

This does not mean store them in the fridge or freezer out of medium.

It means in a pot, in your coldframe or even in a pot with dirt bermed into the garden with a plank on top of the pot. The mixed cool temperatures of a winter slumber is what it takes to brush the sleep out of tree seeds eyes.

Even rugged crab apple and rose have a very finite number of months they can be dried and viable.

*Moist medium*: take a handful of peat moss, soak it in hot water. Wring every drop of water out of it that you can squeeze out. Small tree seeds can be stapled into a coffee filter. Store peat and seeds in a zip lock bag, breifly.

[PunkRotten]

Could a dehydrator be used to accelerate the drying process?

[tomc]

Could a dehydrator be used to accelerate the drying process?

Heat and sunlight do nothing good for seed that store successfuly dried. Dry them out on a china or paper plate till seed are a dry as a mummies butt. I put my dried seed in a paper envelope and into a light proof (read sock drawer) box, on an interior wall at home.

When the dresser is too full of seeds to fit cloths into anymore, get a bigger chest of drawers.

[Tilde]

Well I'm in damp humid florida - what about on a tray with dessicant in the same small space?

[claire2965]

can pumpkin seeds be kept and if so how do I dry them for storage

[jal_ut]

I store seed in paper bags or envelopes so the moisture can leave if they are still a little damp. I just keep them in a cardboard box in the basement where the temperature is almost a constant 68-70°. We do have low humidity here in Utah so I am sure that helps.

[malissa1578]

Where I live currently the weather is ideal for me to store my seeds outside, just the perfect temperature, but because I live in the desert and our winter months are like other peoples spring time... quite literally, our summers can get extremely harsh so I will bring my seeds in and put them in the fridge during the summer. Growing seasons out here are also different from others. I have tons of pepper seeds (all kinds), marigold seeds, tomato seeds. I simply let them dry out naturally, again due to my weather. And here and there I have one that may not sprout, but the vast majority of all my seeds sprout. Interestingly enough I just had a seedling I found in my thai chili planter... I had to laugh. So if anyone wants a little bag of mixed chili pepper seeds or marigolds. I would be happy to send them. And you can send me a mixed bag of whatever kinds of seeds you have in abundance. I am not picky

[Gary350]

I save seeds in paper bags and envelopes. I save large quantities of seed in small cardboard boxes. I keep all my seeds in a cardboard box in the garage. It gets cold in there no heat, what every the temperature is outside the garage is about the same temperature.

I read some where seeds will die in a jar of zip lock bag but I'm not sure that is true. When I lived in TN I got all my seeds from farmers co-op they were sealed water tight in plastic bags. Seeds were bagged new each year the date was on the bag. I saved unused seeds and I noticed seed wrapped up tight in a plastic bag for 15 months only about 60% would grow. If I saved the seeds another season only 20% would grow.

Since I started saving seeds in paper bags and boxes they all seem to last for years. I have a 8 lb box of Okra seeds 5 years later I have no problem getting them to grow.

[yourgardenstop]

I am trying this for the first time this year. I was on a lot of sites and they all indicate to dry them out on a paper plate with a paper towel for a couple of days. Then place them in a sealed contain in a cool location. Like the previous people indicate about placing them in the fridge is the best location.

[cmpman1974]

I store my seeds by putting them in coin envelopes and then putting the envelopes in a tin container with dessicant packets to keep dry. It has worked very well over the years.

Chris

[ChrisC_77]

I store my seed packets and left over seed in a shoe box and keep it in the basement. It can be somewhat humid. But I figure as long as I keep the box closed, it should be ok. temp is probably about 70-75 most of the time. I am incline to purchase seed for one season with a little carry over. When I start my hand at learning seed saving, I might adapt a more long term seed saving strategy.

[A Happy Seedling]

There are two types of seeds: ORTHODOX and RECALCITRANT seeds. Recalcitrant seeds cannot be dried and stored for any length of time, while orthodox seeds can be dried. Orange (and all citrus) seeds were once considered recalcitrant, but we now know they have a 50-50 chance of being orthodox (living while dried) or recalcitrant. So plant more seeds of citrus than you need. Avocado and mango are the two most commoly grown recalcitrants.

[colcol]

Thank you for suggestion to poke pin hole in the plastic bag. I never would have thought of that!

[imafan26]

Seeds with a gelatinous coating is best fermented or washed first to eliminate the coating. It may cause germination problems later if it is dried on

To save seeds it is important to make sure the seeds are ripe and ready to be picked. If you collect the seed too early they may not be mature and will never germinate
Some seeds are recalcitrant and cannot be dried and saved, they must be used fresh or shortly after they are harvested as they lose viability very fast.
Most tropical fruits: mango, lychee, mangosteen, rambutan, avocado, sour sop, cacao, persimmon are best planted as soon as you spit out the seeds. You cannot save the seed from chayote, you have to plant the entire fruit. Cacao pods should opened and the seeds planted within 24 hours of picking.
I save a lot of seeds. What I am bad about doing though is labeling the seeds with the date I collected them and sometimes even if I do write on the ziploc bag, sometimes it gets rubbed off and is unintelligible. Some seeds I never label because I can tell what they are by looking at them (but I still don't know how old they are). I have a lot of mystery seed. Sometimes I plant them and see if they will come up. Some of the ones that do germinate are a surprise. I have been culling my seeds since I have now moved out of the veggie drawer and filled one shelf of my frig. I have two refrigerators and a freezer and they are all full. I found some seeds from 2001 and a lot from 2009. Except for beans and dill which I know can last that long, I usual test germinate seeds more than 5 years old. Most don't do anything, but I am surprised by how long others have lasted.
To keep some of my seeds drier, I use powdered milk as a desiccant. It works well and does not cause a problem in the garden. I save the packets that come with the dried foods and keep that in my cat food container and in the bag with the seeds. I usually try to collect seeds from the dried flower heads. Fruit seeds are washed and dried. They tend not to last long, so I try to plant them sooner rather than later.
I keep most of my seeds in ziploc bags and those bags in larger plastic bags. I store my seeds in the frig. I learned the hard way, to only take out the seeds I am planning to use and not the whole cache of seeds. Seeds do better at a constant temperature and not going in and out of the cold. I lose too many seeds if I take out the whole cash and forget them somewhere.

[Gary350]

Make sure a mouse does not eat your seeds. This year I have my seeds in a cabinet inside the house. Garlic needs to be kept in the refrigerator 3 months soon as you plant them in the garden warm weather will make them grow roots and tops in about 3 days there is no hesitation about, is it time to grow now.

[MoonShadows]

"Make sure a mouse does not eat your seeds."

lau.gif (9.63 KiB) Viewed 15443 times

[fromlawntofood]

I quickly learned to ferment and reduce all moisture... a few mold incidents set me right haha.

[fromlawntofood]

OH and those were fruit and vegetable seeds. Not flower seeds. I've only saved a few flower seeds from different species, but never had that issue with them.

[imafan26]

I have used the desiccant that comes in some cookies and dry goods. It works pretty well. I also sometimes wrap the seeds in paper towels before putting them in ziplocs in the frig. It helps to keep them dry and out of the light.
I like to dry my seeds on the plant. I do have to watch them to make sure they aren't released before I get to them.
Tip 1: Make sure the seeds are mature enough to save. Green seeds will not germinate.

Seeds are best dried naturally. I let mine dry on the plant. Clean them and store them in paper towels or envelopes in a ziploc bag.

Tip 2: Label the bag with something indelible or put a piece of paper in the bag with the date, name of the seed. I have a few mystery seeds because the permanent marker wore off.

Store seeds in a cool, dark, dry place at a constant temperature around 40 degrees. I live in a warm place, so, I keep mine in the refrigerator.

Tip 3: I store seeds in paper towels or envelopes inside a ziploc bag. The paper helps absorb any extra moisture in the bag. If you have a lot of seeds, package only the ones you will use in a single planting in one envelope. Keep all the envelopes individually labeled with the collection date and name of the plant in a single ziploc bag. Take out only the seeds you need and leave the rest in the refrigerator. I have lost seeds when I took out all the seeds and lost the bag. Seeds don't like to go in and out of very different temperatures. Condensation can form inside the bag and cause them to get moldy or the changing temperature could interfere with germination.

Tip4. Every once in a while, at least once a year, clean out the seed box. Keep an inventory sheet in the box of the seeds you already have and how old they are.

Tip5: If seeds are marginal on the dates, take a few out and do a test germination by sprouting about 10 seeds on a moist paper towel to make sure they are still good and get an approximate germination rate. Some seeds don't last as long as the chart says it does. For me corn and zucchini lose germination to quickly and beans and dill seeds I have collected have still germinated even when they were 13 years old.

Tip 6: moisture and heat shorten the lives of seeds. Keep them at a consistent, cool temperature and packaged to stay as dry as possible. When you buy seeds don't buy seeds kept outside in the garden center where it is moist and the temperature is not controlled.

Tip 7: Catalogs come out in December or January. They offer a wider range of seeds and plants than what you will find at the store. However, be mindful to make sure what you order or buy from the store will actually grow in your microclimate. Some varieties will be more suitable for your area than others. Try to get together with others to buy seeds in bulk to cut shipping costs. Seed exchanges are good, but try to exchange locally. Some seeds are restricted and require inspection by the Ag department before they can be sent out of state.
Tip 8: Presoak hard to germinate seeds overnight. Keep only the seeds that sink.
Tip 9: Some seeds need to be soaked or scarified to improve germination. Some seeds need minimum or ideal temperatures to germinate. Otherwise they will not break dormancy.
Tip 10: Some plants don't make seeds, take a long time to mature, or are not reliable from seed. Propagate from cuttings, grafting, or divisions instead. Example avocado, rosemary, artichoke, French Tarragon, and most citrus
Tip 11 Unless you get clones, all seeds will be different. Genetics, environment and culture all play a part in making a fruit or vegetable taste good. Hybrid seeds will not breed true if saved. It takes several generations for a hybrid to stabilize. That is why some hot peppers are not and some varieties of corn vary from batch to batch.
Tip 12: Sometimes the seeds or the planted seeds get mixed up
Orthodox seeds can be saved. Unorthodox seeds like chayote cannot as the seed cannot be dried successfully and remain viable.

Most seeds will keep 3-5 years
Exceptions: I have kept these seeds and they have still been viable much longer or shorter than expected.
Corn = 2-3 years.
Zuchhini 2-3 years with reduced germination
Beans, dill = good for 10+ years.



This is from Iowa extension service
Approximate life expectancy of vegetable seeds stored under favorable conditions.
Vegetable Years Vegetable Years
Asparagus 3 Kohlrabi 3
Bean 3 Leek 2
Beet 4 Lettuce 6
Broccoli 3 Muskmelon 5
Brussels sprouts 4 Mustard 4
Cabbage 4 New Zealand spinach 3
Carrot 3 Okra 2
Celeriac 3 Onion 1
Cauliflower 4 Parsley 1
Celery 3 Parsnip 1
Chard, Swiss 4 Pea 3
Chicory 4 Pepper 2
Chinese cabbage 3 Pumpkin 4
Collards 5 Radish 5
Corn, sweet 2 Rutabaga 4
Cucumber 5 Salsify 1
Eggplant 4 Spinach 3
Endive 5 Squash 4
Fennel 4 Tomato 4
Kale 4 Turnip 4
Watermelon 4
Table modified from D. N. Maynard and G. J. Hochmuth, Knott's Handbook for Vegetable Growers , fourth edition (1997)
https://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/ ... elife.html

[TomatoNut95]

How long will seeds last if FROZEN? My neighbor said she found some seed from back in 1999. I need to freeze some of my seed, my squash seed says packed for 2019, so I guess they were saved in 2018; making them already two years old. They germinated this year, but I still have a lot of seed that I'd like to keep for next year, seeing how hard it is to get seeds anymore.

[Vanisle_BC]

My info says squash seed has a 4 year life. If kept dry and refrigerated I expect it would last quite a bit longer. I've never frozen seeds but I think many types can survive that.

[Holly_Miller]

I created a special section for my seeds in the basement. I put some organizers here. Small boxes, I divided them into vegetables, fruits, and flower sections. The first time was hard because of mouses, but one man advised me to use sawdust with camphor balls. That smell usually scares them. So that is really helpful.

[TomatoNut95]

I created a special section for my seeds in the basement. I put some organizers here. Small boxes, I divided them into vegetables, fruits, and flower sections. The first time was hard because of mouses, but one man advised me to use sawdust with camphor balls. That smell usually scares them. So that is really helpful.

Put your seed in plastic bags orjars if you can. I keep my seeds in the packets and in a Ziploc bag. My tomato seed are stored in little plastic storage baggies in a Lays dip jar. All this is all in cardboard box that my bedroom ceiling fan came in.

[Holly_Miller]

I created a special section for my seeds in the basement. I put some organizers here. Small boxes, I divided them into vegetables, fruits, and flower sections. The first time was hard because of mouses, but one man advised me to use sawdust with camphor balls. That smell usually scares them. So that is really helpful.

Put your seed in plastic bags orjars if you can. I keep my seeds in the packets and in a Ziploc bag. My tomato seed are stored in little plastic storage baggies in a Lays dip jar. All this is all in cardboard box that my bedroom ceiling fan came in.

Thank you for your advice! By the way, what are the best seeds you had? Because for me is like a lottery. Some are just useless and even with all kinds fertilizers, they would not grow up
But some were so good. Unfortunately, I forgot what kind of tomatoes were that.

[Vanisle_BC]

..... one man advised me to use sawdust with camphor balls ....

There are some cautions now about using camphor balls - 'mothballs' - due to toxicity and flammability. You may not want to keep seed in the fridge but mice (mouses) won't get in there! And I think if they want to get into a plastic bag they just chew through it. They did that with my food once, at camp.

..... I forgot what kind of tomatoes were that.....

I grow one variety of tomato called 'Latah.' It's early and will set fruit in cool weather. It's tasty; also 'indeterminate' so doesn't get very tall. I saw a TV article by a man in Newfoundland who said that with his local climate it was the only tomato he could grow.

[TomatoNut95]

I created a special section for my seeds in the basement. I put some organizers here. Small boxes, I divided them into vegetables, fruits, and flower sections. The first time was hard because of mouses, but one man advised me to use sawdust with camphor balls. That smell usually scares them. So that is really helpful.

Put your seed in plastic bags orjars if you can. I keep my seeds in the packets and in a Ziploc bag. My tomato seed are stored in little plastic storage baggies in a Lays dip jar. All this is all in cardboard box that my bedroom ceiling fan came in.

Thank you for your advice! By the way, what are the best seeds you had? Because for me is like a lottery. Some are just useless and even with all kinds fertilizers, they would not grow up
But some were so good. Unfortunately, I forgot what kind of tomatoes were that.

I have many different tomato varieties, all heirloom. It's hard to say what my 'best' is. Guess it depends on what you mean by 'best', best flavor, best texture, best slicer, best keeper....

@Holly, if you are interested, please have a look in the seed giveaway section of the forum. I have several unwanted seed listed for giveaway. Some are just hunky flowers, but some are tomatoes and veggies. If no one wants them I'm afraid I'll have to just throw the majority of them away. I USED to have a local seed swap I gave my unwanted seeds to, but it only lasted a few years, then stopped.

[Holly_Miller]

..... I forgot what kind of tomatoes were that.....

I grow one variety of tomato called 'Latah.' It's early and will set fruit in cool weather. It's tasty; also 'indeterminate' so doesn't get very tall. I saw a TV article by a man in Newfoundland who said that with his local climate it was the only tomato he could grow.

Haven't heard about them. I Will search if they sell something like that in my city. Thank you very much! Even if I'm just a beginner I will try to grow some soon.

[Holly_Miller]

Put your seed in plastic bags orjars if you can. I keep my seeds in the packets and in a Ziploc bag. My tomato seed are stored in little plastic storage baggies in a Lays dip jar. All this is all in cardboard box that my bedroom ceiling fan came in.

Thank you for your advice! By the way, what are the best seeds you had? Because for me is like a lottery. Some are just useless and even with all kinds fertilizers, they would not grow up
But some were so good. Unfortunately, I forgot what kind of tomatoes were that.

I have many different tomato varieties, all heirloom. It's hard to say what my 'best' is. Guess it depends on what you mean by 'best', best flavor, best texture, best slicer, best keeper....

@Holly, if you are interested, please have a look in the seed giveaway section of the forum. I have several unwanted seed listed for giveaway. Some are just hunky flowers, but some are tomatoes and veggies. If no one wants them I'm afraid I'll have to just throw the majority of them away. I USED to have a local seed swap I gave my unwanted seeds to, but it only lasted a few years, then stopped.

Oh for now to me I need.. how to say it... the most "easiest" seeds
The ones that are not hard to grow...
I once read some advice of how to grow tomatoes. But none of them work for me. But I've read some comments here, so I slightly understand what should I do.
I will check this section! Thank you very much!

[kayjay]

Hi Holly. Pleeeeeeeeease put your location in your profile, or at least your growing zone. This is an international forum and it's impossible to recommend anything without having an idea of your climate.

On "easy" seeds, it's probably going to be trial and error. Some varieties will grow well in your conditions, and some won't. My rule of thumb is that if it doesn't grow well and I can't pinpoint a specific problem to correct, I won't bother trying it again. I'll stick with what worked well.

Good luck!

TomatoNut - I wouldn't recommend freezing seeds. I have a compost bin outside, and it sits frozen for the winter. If frozen seeds germinated well, I should have a ton of volunteer tomatoes, peppers, squash etc - and I don't. I think you're better off just storing your seeds wherever it's coolest. To reduce humidity, you can use dessicant packets. Those are the "do not eat" packets in your vitamins and such. You can make your own out of powdered milk wrapped in coffee filters.

[TomatoNut95]

Cherry tomatoes might be easier to do than most varieties. Bigger, beefsteak types are harder, IMO. Either way, don't grow tomatoes in pots. Indeterminate varieties do not like pots. Trust me. Tried it multiple times and the results are tall, spindly and puny looking plants with low production. If you have to grow in pots, choose only determinate, dwarf types. Tiny Tim is my favorite dwarf and quite easy to do. Tiny Tim is only a foot tall, and produces cherry sized fruits.

KayJay, my neighbor froze her pea and bean seed and they did just fine. I just feel like freezing seed would keep them viable longer.

[Vanisle_BC]

Hi Holly. Pleeeeeeeeease put your location in your profile, or at least your growing zone. This is an international forum and it's impossible to recommend anything without having an idea of your climate.

I posted this on the New Here! thread ....

"Holly, I 'Googled' your climate. I see the biggest difference from mine (South coastal B.C) is shorter days, cooler summers and of course lots of wind. You can probably grow crops in summer that would be limited to spring and/or fall here; but heat lovers - corn, peppers, many kinds of tomato? - won't do well, or tender herbs like basil & rosemary.

All the cabbage & lettuce families, plus roots like carrots beets & potatoes; and broad beans that grow through winter - I think they should all be possible. (What do your parents grow in their garden?)"

But the best advice is to ask & observe locally - what do others grow? (And can they give you any seed?! )

[HomeGrownFoodHQ]

I store them in airtight containers and keep them in a dry area.

[imafan26]

Seeds do have to be fully mature to be saved and dried to a very low humidity. Which is hard in the tropics. Stored in a cool, dark, dry place with even temperature. It is important only to take the seeds you are planting out of the storage and not the whole bag because changes in heat and humidity can shorten the life of the seeds.

Don't forget to do the float test when saving seeds. Only the sinkers are good.

Corn and zucchini do not store very long, but I was surprised how long lettuce seeds kept. I had bean and dill seeds that still sprouted well after 9 years. Seeds that I purchased in foil pouches lasted longer than seeds in paper pouches.

I do have to test seeds and clean the bag out periodically. Most seeds except the ones mentioned above will store for 5 years if managed well.

I keep mine in the refrigerator so it is mostly at a constant temperature, unless I stuff the frig and the door does not close properly.

I do save some seeds from plants, I don't get many crosses and I don't isolate.

I do buy mostly parthenocarpic zucchini and cucumbers because I want seedless and less bitter fruit. Occasionally, they do get pollinated and develop seeds or grow deformed.

Seeds like tomatoes and peppers that are coated usually do better if you ferment them first.

Sometimes I put powdered milk or rice in the bag to help to keep the seeds dryer.

My biggest problem is labeling the seeds. Sometimes the ink rubs off and sometimes (a lot), I forget to put the date on the seeds so I know how old they are.

Many times I am surprised. I plant older seeds more thickly because I expect a lower germination and they do better than anticipated. That is how I ended up with 36 peppers from 8 year old seeds. They were in a foil pouch.

[Vanisle_BC]

Most seeds except the ones mentioned above (corn & zucchinin) will store for 5 years if managed well.

Agreed but leek & onion seed is only good for about a year.

[imafan26]

True there are some seeds that have very short viability.

I have had some onion seeds good for more than a year, but germination rate is low. Leeks seeds also don't germinate well when they are older.
Green onion seeds (bunching onions) do last longer than a year.
Papaya seeds also do not store well either.
Pelleted seeds do not last well either.

Even with seeds that are not that old. If they are stored outside in 80 degree temperatures and my humidity (80%) they don't last long either. Packets that have been accidentally dropped or left in the sun don't germinate as well even if the seeds are not that old.

[imafan26]

I add a little rice, powdered milk, or dessicant packs if I save them from other stuff like Japanese senbei. It helps to keep the seeds dry in storage.

I have just planted Koba onions that I got 4 years ago and kept it in the refrigerator. It still germinated.

On older seed, you may have to plant more seeds because the % germination declines. On things that don't have great germination to start with, I always plant extra seeds.

If the seeds are large enough, it is sometimes better to soak the seeds overnight first. I helps speed up germination, but if you have floaters, then you just discard them because they aren't likely to germinate anyway.

I plant most of the tiny seeds on the surface with a thin sprinkling of soil and pressing it in. It also helps to make sure your soil or pot is already evenly moist so there are no dry spots. Larger seeds should be planted deeper about 2x the size of the seed. For the most part, I plant larger seeds up to the first knuckle of my finger. It works for almost everything.

Even when planting bulbs or rhizomes, I plant them just below the surface so the tips won't get sunburn but they won't have far to go. You do have to know which end is up so the plant is not forced to make a U turn.

I live in a frost free zone. If you are planting in the fall, you would have to plant deeper.

Seeds know when it is the right time to grow. They either will not sprout, sprout and die, or lay dormant and sprout when conditions are right. This has been true for me for nasturtiums (it needs cool dry weather) and perilla (it will sprout when it is warm, but bolt when it gets cold). Some seeds, especially some hot peppers won't germinate well until the temperatures are around 80. Temperate peppers will sprout when it is at least 68 degrees. Eggplant will grow, but it is hard to sprout seeds in the cooler months. Most seeds will not germinate at all in extremes of hot or cold temperatures.

The best time to plant seeds outdoors is just before an expected rain. A slow deep rain always makes the seeds come up early. Unfortunately, the weeds come up too.

If you plant seeds on the surface, you need to be sure the seeds never dry out. Seeds may die or fail to sprout because of that, even if the seeds are viable, they cannot tolerate being wet and then dry again.

[imafan26]

I asked the extension agent how they keep seeds longer. He said they have germinated 25 year old seeds that were vacuum sealed and frozen. Seeds that I bought from park seed came in foil pouches. Those seeds lasted longer than seeds that come in paper envelopes.

[imafan26]

Seeds last longer frozen. The global seed vault stores preserves seeds in the Arctic. The seeds though need to have been dried to the minimum moisture content and vacuum sealed to prevent icing or frostbite. The local extension service agent said they were able to germinate seeds that were 25 years old keep in cryogenic conditions.