Marigolds in Vegetable Garden?

[elitemittens]

Hi Guys!
I've always been told by my mother and other gardeners that planting marigolds in the garden will deter quite a number of pests, is that true? At our church garden we always planted marigolds around the perimeter too. Is there actually any sort of pest deterring qualities in marigolds? Thank you!

[rainbowgardener]

The most scientifically proven benefit of marigolds in your garden is that they protect against root knot nematodes in the soil. But most of the rest seems to be at least unproven. See this article on marigold myths: http://www.aces.edu/dept/extcomm/specia ... golds.html

[imafan26]

Only some varieities of marigolds protect against root knot nematodes. Dwarf French cultivars like single gold (nemagone) and African Crackerjack are the ones I use the most. While some marigolds suppress certain types of nematodes they can be hosts for other kinds of pests. Marigolds have to be planted thickly to work for supression and I prefer Crackerjack because it has deeper roots. it is also a good idea to use nematode resistant plants when you know you have nematodes in the soil. Marigolds also are trap plants for aphids and they will also attract beneficial insects.
Other strategies are solarization, and using sun hemp, planting non-susceptible crops in nematode infested fields or growing susceptible crops in containers with sterile media. Some marigolds are edible. I do grow T. lucida also called Mexican mint marigold or Mexican tarragon. It is a substitute for French tarragon in the tropics. Some marigolds are edible but they are bitter and lemony, so I don't like them. Marigolds do something else for the garden, it gives it color.

http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/pnm16.pdf
http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/WangKH/Down ... rganic.pdf

[rainbowgardener]

Yes, I do love the look of the marigolds in the vegetable garden! So cheerful! Isn't this a pretty garden?


http://geddies-store.com/yahoo_site_adm ... 26_std.jpg (just a picture I found on line)

And I do throw a few petals in to dress up salads. I like them because they are so easy to collect seeds from and to grow from seeds. My marigolds usually reseed themselves, so that later in the season there are baby marigolds in the pots where the marigolds are. In my zone 6 location, the seeds never made it through the winter though, so I still had to start over every spring.

[elitemittens]

Thanks guys!

[theforgottenone1013]

For marigolds to be effective against nematodes, specifically root knot nematodes, they must be grown as a cover crop. In other words, the entire bed must be planted in marigolds. Interplanting marigolds around vegetables does next to nothing for nematode control and the marigolds will compete with the vegetables for nutrients and water, which could actually lower the productivity of the veggies.

-Rodney

[Peter1142]

Some marigolds take up large amounts of space. They took over the garden last year. Be careful with them, like Rodney said. They're ability to deter pests is largely old wives tales.

[UrbanFarmerJon]

I used them as a border around my garden 2 years ago. They got to be about 2ft tall and bushy. They did draw in lots of bees for pollination and were effective in keeping the rabbits out. They did take up space and their root ball was huge when I pulled them out.

[elitemittens]

Thanks so much!

[ButterflyLady29]

They don't work to keep rabbits out of my garden. The rabbits ate them as an appetizer before moving on to the peas. But I do like interplanting flowers and vegetables. The flowers serve as food sources for pollinators and they look pretty. And as previously stated, some flowers are edible. The best of both worlds.

[rainbowgardener]

Yes, I love putting flowers in salads, desserts, etc. This thread:

viewtopic.php?p=66667&highlight=edible+flowers#66667

has a post I made about edible flowers. It should have marigolds, borage, squash blossoms added to the list.

And this is just a selection; there are actually lots of edible flowers.

[imafan26]

Theforgottenone is correct if you are using marigolds for nematode suppression they have to be planted thickly and you cannot allow weeds to grow since any other plant in the space will be a refuge for the nematodes. Not all marigolds can be used for nematode suppression and as a rule all cover crops are planted thickly. I only plant Crackerjack, single gold, Bolero, and some of the other dwarf marigolds. I also grow T. lucida (Mexican Mint Marigold or Mexican Tarragon as an herb. Mexican mint marigold is a perennial and only blooms once a year. It has the largest root system. I dead head them and save the seeds to plant again so I do not have a problem with them spreading. I grow the Mexican tarragon from divisions and cuttings. They do have fine fibrous roots, but they have not been problem to pull out, but I only keep my annual marigolds for about three months. If you are growing different varieties of marigolds like the standard mixes you may have different results. I have only eaten flowers from the dwarf marigolds, the leaves of the mexican tarragon as a tarragon substitute and the flowers of t.tenuifolia. Calendula, or pot marigold, can be used as a saffron substitute (for color not for taste) but it is not a true marigold.

[elitemittens]

Thanks for the answers we just moved into a new house in july so we're just starting our garden plans. I'm not aware of any nematode problems yet... I'm looking at putting other flowers into the garden too. Do you just plant them in between rows or a border? I'd be planting them to attract pollinators. I'm thinking about planting Zinnias, daisies, dahlias and gilia globe flowers.

[rainbowgardener]

Re: I'm thinking about planting Zinnias, daisies, dahlias and gilia globe flowers. (to attract pollinators)

That's kind of an odd list. Dahlias are native to Mexico and central America. They are not at all cold hardy. They are perennial, but tender perennial. If you don't want to start them over every year, you have to dig them up in the fall and store them indoors for the winter, then re-plant when it is warm enough in spring. And since they are not even close to local, they are of no interest to local bees, butterflies, etc. They will not help attract pollinators.

Gilia globe flower is an annual that would have to be started from seed every year. It is native to the Pacific coast, in hot, dry chapparal areas, so it is hard for me to think it will do real well in your climate. And personally, I think they are pretty weedy looking, but that is just personal taste.

There are different types of beneficial insects you want to attract to your garden. You do want pollinators, but you also want predators, the ones that prey on or parasitize the bad guy insects that eat your garden. Fortunately some nectar flowers are attractive to all of these, especially the ones that have nectar in tiny florets. Some flowers in your garden also help repel bad guy insects from your crops. These are mostly the strong smelling aromatics, including everything in the onion family and a number of culinary herbs.

Here's a couple articles about attracting beneficial insects to your garden:

https://www.reneesgarden.com/articles/B ... 0Guide.pdf

http://www.farmerfred.com/plants_that_a ... enefi.html

and here's a really nice article about attracting bees and pollinators. You put in your zip code and it will tell you all kinds of plants that are native to your region that are good for attracting pollinators: http://pollinator.org/guides.htm

[imafan26]

Pollinator.org is a good website for finding mostly native plants to attract pollinators, mostly native ones to your yard.

http://www.pollinator.org/guides.htm

There are some generalizations you can make. Red tubular flowers are usually pollinated by butterflies
Honey Bees like small fragrant flowers and like the composites, herbs (basil, carrot and parsley family, mints), alyssum, yarrrow, dill, fennel, tansy (I don't plant this because it is toxic to many animals), onions, Queen Anne's lace, fruit trees.
Carpenter bees like more of the blue flowers like lavender, verbena
Plants that grow in deep shade or smell usually like rotting meat are usually pollinated by ants, beetles. midges, and flies.

Flowers that have no fragrance, may be primarily wind pollinated or are parthenocarpic or self pollinating.

While a lot of edible plants like squash, melon and nut trees are dependent on pollinators to fruit, it is not the first choice of the pollinators.

For a healthy ecosystem it is better to have a variety of different types of pollen plants around, preferably to have something that has a long bloom and something that will be blooming any time of the year. Habitat should also be provided. Trees, shrubs, logs, and a water source. Pollinators not only need food, they need a place to live and raise their young. You can put up artificial beehives to attract solitary bees, bat houses, and even toad houses in the garden.

You provide habitat for the types of wildlife you want to attract. A lot of the articles are for large farm communities. I found one a long time ago that illustrated a design for creating habitat on a smaller scale. I could not find that one but I found these and some of the information may be useful. The one I saw
had some grassy plants, a toad house made from a broken terra cotta pot. A log or pipe also works for toad houses. Coarse mulch for beetles and different types of flowering plants and a tree or shrub. A saucer filled with small pebbles and water can be on the ground or on a pedestal. The bird baths are too deep for most insects, the pebbles give them a safe landing spot to get a drink. In winter, suet, and sugar water feeders provide winter food for birds and insects.

I have a leaf cutter beehive in the herb garden and we made bamboo bundle homes for the carpenter bees. They are hung in the trees. We have to coat the post and the string that holds the bundles with vaseline and boric acid to keep the ants from bothering the bees. I have birds nesting in my trees, but I have to put metal vents on my house to keep them from nesting in my attic. I have a lot of skinks, and anoles all over my yard. I have mice, but the cats in the house keep them outside. I only baited them when they ate the dog biscuits and the sluggo. I haven't had to put out any bait in a long time. Those mice were not from my house, they hitched a ride on my car when I came home from the garden. There were five big ones. The mice that live in my garden did not go after the dog biscuits, just the sluggo.
I have also gotten some greenhouse frogs that probably hitched a ride on plants from the garden. They do eat ants and except for the chirping, I rarely see them. Bulbuls and mejiros are not welcome they are rats with wings. The cattle egret only swoops down after I cut the grass looking for any small beetles, mice or lizards. They are o.k.

https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.e ... pnw550.pdf
http://www.ipmnet.org/Beneficial_Insects_Draft5.pdf
http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/upload ... _usga1.pdf