Goldfish.
Work wonders.
Nearly maintenance free.
Cheap.
This may not be an option if you keep your rain barrel in full sun and the water is very warm. (Goldfish are generally good with cool water.)
It's also not an option if you regularly drain your rain barrel to bone dry, obviously.
Comet goldfish.
The feeder kind.
Available for purchase anywhere that sells aquarium fish... (we paid 13 cents for ours last year!)
My husband named ours Nigel and got attached to him! ha ha
BUT, at the end of the season, after I'd set up a 2 gallon fishbowl I happened to have (used to have bettas) I'd kept it with all the filter/pump stuff.
And then the goldfish died.
If you get a fancy hardy species of goldfish, they could live for years!!
If you live in rural area, you may need more than one in a 55gallon barrel.
I've seen blogs online where people talk about having 3 in a barrel.
We had 1 goldfish and rarely saw any larvae. But we live in the city, so it's not like we have a jungle load of mosquitoes generally.
We actually kind of got excited if we actually saw the goldfish eating larvae in the barrel, because it wasn't often... yet we know he was eating, because occasionally my husband would give him some goldfish food flakes, and the fish wasn't interested at all.
So he was definitely keeping it completely under control.
Issues:
Need netting placed over the spigot opening and the overflow opening, so the fish doesn't wind up going out the pipes.
At first, my husband placed a grate barrier over the overflow opening, but didn't block the spigot.
One day when my husband was draining via the spigot & hose to the reserve barrel, suddenly Nigel had disappeared. Turned out he went through 120ft of garden hoses to a reserve barrel!!
He did survive.
(We don't have problems with the reserve barrels because they have lids, and they're also the first to get emptied on a regular basis. They're also in full sun.)
To cover the spigot opening on the inside of the barrel, we used an old, saved for rag, fine mesh laundry bag, which we cut pieces from bigger than the openings, and then attached them using a rubber band around the opening pipes. It was pretty easy to take them off to clean them off once in awhile. The filter is a good idea anyway, saves clogging the spigot or the attached garden hose.